Design and Layout: This involves creating the artwork, including the layout of text and images, to meet the required format. Graphic designers work on the layout, color scheme, typography, and overall visual appeal. 

• Proofreading and Editing: Ensuring that the text is error-free and accurate before printing. This includes checking grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting.

• File Preparation and Conversion: Preparing the files in the correct format (such as PDF, TIFF, or EPS) for printing. This includes ensuring the resolution is appropriate, color profiles are set correctly, and fonts are embedded or outlined.

• Color Separation: In offset printing, colors are separated into CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) for four-color printing. This process ensures that the correct colors are used for each layer of ink.

• Imposition: The process of arranging pages or design elements in a specific way to optimize the use of paper. Imposition is critical for printing on large sheets of paper, ensuring minimal waste.

• Proofing: This is the stage where a digital or physical proof of the work is created and checked for accuracy. It allows the client and printer to verify colors, text, and other elements before going to final print.

• Pre-Press Consultation: In some cases, the pre-press team may work closely with the client to ensure that the design meets technical specifications, such as paper type, size, or ink preferences.

• Pre-Flight Check: A comprehensive review of files to ensure they are suitable for printing. This involves checking for missing fonts, low-resolution images, incorrect color profiles, or other potential printing issues.

• Scanning and Image Enhancement: If the project involves images, they may need to be scanned and enhanced for print. This includes adjusting brightness, contrast, and removing imperfections.